Sealife guideThe common octopusOctopus vulgaris

Last updated on 03/15/2024 at 10:33 PM
Taxonomy
  • Common name: Common octopus
  • French name: Poulpe commun, pieuvre commune
  • Scientific name: Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797)
  • Family name: Octopodidae
  • Order name: Octopoda
  • Class name: The cephalopods [Cephalopoda]
Description
The common octopus is a mollusk, meaning it is an animal with a soft body devoid of a skeleton. The body of the common octopus consists of an outer shell called a mantle, which houses various organs and extends into a muscular foot that divides into tentacles.
The common octopus with its tentacles spread out
The common octopus with its tentacles spread out
The body of the common octopus measures about 20 centimeters with tentacles that can stretch up to one meter in length for the largest individuals. The common octopus has eight tentacles, each equipped with suckers along their entire length.
The color of the common octopus varies depending on the natural environment in which it evolves. Indeed, the common octopus has the ability to adapt the color of its body to blend into its surroundings. This ability is called homochromy.
The common octopus moves thanks to a clever system of water propulsion through a siphon located between the head and the body.
Geographic range
The common octopus is found in the main oceans and seas around the globe, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea, where this species is very widespread.
Habitat
The common octopus prefers marine bottoms composed of rocky rubble and stones, rocky bottoms conducive to establishing its den among the countless cavities and crevices.
The common octopus is sedentary and vigorously defends its territory.
Diet
The common octopus is a carnivorous animal that feeds on crustaceans such as crabs, fish, and other mollusks.
The common octopus nestled at the bottom of a rocky crevice
The common octopus nestled at the bottom of a rocky crevice
The mouth of the common octopus is located at the center of its tentacles and is equipped with a powerful jaw resembling a « parrot's beak », allowing it to crush its food.
To hunt, the common octopus hides nestled in rocky crevices, ready to extend its long tentacles to capture its prey. It then injects its venom into the prey to paralyze it. However, in the face of danger, the common octopus disappears under a cloud of black ink: but this puts a particular strain on its organism !
Reproduction
The common octopus undergoes sexual reproduction. After mating, the female lays her eggs in clusters, which she attaches to her nest. Devoting all her attention to them, the female focuses solely on caring for her future offspring and forgets to feed herself. After the eggs hatch, the severely weakened female dies from exhaustion.
The male exhibits sexual dimorphism compared to the female with one of its tentacles specialized as a reproductive organ called the hectocotylus.
Did you know ?
The common octopus has a brain that gives it a certain capacity for learning.
The life expectancy of the common octopus is very short, from one to two years maximum, especially for the female, who devotes herself body and soul to her future offspring.
The common octopus is listed as many other marine species within The IUCN Red List of threatened species. The common octopus appears in the IUCN Red List since 2018 within the category Least Concern !
Tips for observing
Camouflaged in its habitat, the common octopus is often difficult to spot, but few details may give it away, so keep an eye out for it ! When you are diving above a the rocky seabed or scree - its preferred habitat - look out for the small piles of shells and stones that mark the edges of its lair !
The common octopus adopts camouflage to blend into its environment
The common octopus adopts camouflage to blend into its environment
The video gallery

Common octopus fight to defend their territory

Within the same family
Coconut octopus (Amphioctopus marginatus)
Coconut octopus
(Amphioctopus marginatus)
Mimic octopus (Thaumoctopus mimicus)
Mimic octopus
(Thaumoctopus mimicus)
White-spotted octopus (Callistoctopus macropus)
White-spotted octopus
(Callistoctopus macropus)
Discover also
Abe's polycera nudibranch (Polycera abei)
Abe's polycera nudibranch
(Polycera abei)
Adorned stiliger (Stiliger ornatus)
Adorned stiliger
(Stiliger ornatus)
Black and green sea slug (Nembrotha kubaryana)
Black and green sea slug
(Nembrotha kubaryana)
Brown edge glossodorid (Glossodoris hikuerensis)
Brown edge glossodorid
(Glossodoris hikuerensis)
Glossodoris cincta nudibranch (Glossodoris cincta)
Glossodoris cincta nudibranch
(Glossodoris cincta)
Leech sea slug (Chelidonura hirundinina)
Leech sea slug
(Chelidonura hirundinina)
Spanish dancer (Hexabranchus sanguineus)
Spanish dancer
(Hexabranchus sanguineus)
Umbilical egg shell (Calpurnus verrucosus)
Umbilical egg shell
(Calpurnus verrucosus)
The marine species from Mediterranean sea
European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas)
European spiny lobster
(Palinurus elephas)
Forkweed (Dictyota dichotoma)
Forkweed
(Dictyota dichotoma)
Fried egg jellyfish (Cotylorhiza tuberculata)
Fried egg jellyfish
(Cotylorhiza tuberculata)
Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Green sea turtle
(Chelonia mydas)
Stony sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus)
Stony sea urchin
(Paracentrotus lividus)
Thornback ray (Raja clavata)
Thornback ray
(Raja clavata)
Warty crab (Eriphia verrucosa)
Warty crab
(Eriphia verrucosa)
Yellow encrusting sea anemone (Parazoanthus axinellae)
Yellow encrusting sea anemone
(Parazoanthus axinellae)
Best dive destinations
Port Cros island
Port Cros island

Our latestUpdates

The Hawaiian archipelago, a volcanic gem of the pacific
Monday, October 20th 2025
The Hawaiian archipelago, a volcanic gem of the pacific
Discover the Hawaiian archipelago, a volcanic paradise in the Pacific ocean where fiery mountains, lush forests and turquoise lagoons meet. Explore its islands, unique biodiversity and the geological forces that shaped this natural wonder.
Universal Epic Universe: the next-level immersive park
Monday, October 13th 2025
Universal Epic Universe: the next-level immersive park
Discover Epic Universe, Universal Orlando's newest theme park. Dive into immersive worlds, spectacular attractions, and a breathtaking, one-of-a-kind experience.
The California sheephead
Thursday, October 2nd 2025
The California sheephead
Discover the California sheephead, a colorful fish of the eastern Pacific. Learn about its appearance, diet, habitat in kelp forests, unique sex-changing ability and role in marine ecosystems.
Photo of the Day
Poisson guitare de l'Atlantique (Rhinobatos lentiginosus)
Poisson guitare de l'Atlantique
(Rhinobatos lentiginosus)