Sealife guideThe Monacanthidae familyThe taxonomy of marine species

Explore the taxonomy of the sea vertebrates including the cetaceans like the whales or the dolphins, the sea birds, the fish, the sharks and the sea turtles !
The Monacanthidae family includes marine fish known as filefish, which are related to triggerfish and found mainly in tropical and subtropical waters. Their name comes from their rough, sandpaper-like skin, which was traditionally used as a natural file by local populations in some regions. They are easily recognized by their flattened bodies, small mouths and especially their dorsal fin, which has a large first spine that they can raise either for defense or to wedge themselves into crevices. Filefish are most commonly found on tropical reefs, where they feed on algae, small invertebrates and sometimes sponges. Their ability to change color to blend in with their surroundings helps them avoid predators and ambush prey.
Honeycomb filefish (Cantherhines pardalis)
Honeycomb filefish
(Cantherhines pardalis)
Orange spotted filefish (Oxymonacanthus longirostris)
Orange spotted filefish
(Oxymonacanthus longirostris)
Planehead filefish (Stephanolepis hispidus)
Planehead filefish
(Stephanolepis hispidus)
Scrawled filefish (Aluterus scriptus)
Scrawled filefish
(Aluterus scriptus)
Slender filefish (Monacanthus tuckeri)
Slender filefish
(Monacanthus tuckeri)
Taylor's pygmy leatherjacket (Brachaluteres taylori)
Taylor's pygmy leatherjacket
(Brachaluteres taylori)
Whitespotted filefish (Cantherhines dumerilii)
Whitespotted filefish
(Cantherhines dumerilii)

Our latestUpdates

The blueface angelfish
Monday, March 2nd 2026
The blueface angelfish
The blueface angelfish is a very colorful fish of the tropical coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific, recognizable by its bright blue head and its bluish body finely reticulated with yellow.
The Atlantic tarpon
Wednesday, February 18th 2026
The Atlantic tarpon
The Atlantic tarpon is a large coastal fish that can grow up to 8 feet long and weigh over 330 pounds, with a silvery body covered in large, reflective scales. Known as the Silver King, it is famous for its spectacular leaps and fierce fight when hooked by sport fishermen.
The dugong
Friday, January 30th 2026
The dugong
Discover the dugong, a gentle “sea cow” of tropical waters. Learn about its habitat, diet, reproduction, morphology, and the threats facing this unique marine mammal.
Photo of the Day
Requin bouledogue (Carcharhinus leucas)
Requin bouledogue
(Carcharhinus leucas)