The order Myliobatiformes includes a wide group of rays that are mainly benthic and pelagic, encompassing stingrays, eagle rays, and manta rays. Found in all of the world’s oceans, from shallow coastal waters to open seas, they are characterized by their flattened, disc-shaped bodies and enlarged pectoral fins that form broad “wings” in some species. Many have slender tails equipped with one or more venomous stingers used for defense, although some species such as manta rays lack them. They inhabit a wide range of environments, from sandy and muddy seabeds to open pelagic zones, and display diverse lifestyles ranging from discreet bottom-dwelling behavior to active swimming in open water. Their diet is equally varied, ranging from benthic invertebrates and small fish to, in some species, plankton filtered from the water column.

The Dasyatidae family includes stingrays, a group of cartilaginous fish widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters around the world. These rays are characterized by their flattened, disc-shaped bodies, their long, slender tails often equipped with one or more venomous stingers, and their primarily benthic lifestyle. They most commonly inhabit sandy, muddy, or coastal seabeds, where they partially bury themselves to camouflage and ambush prey.